What is graphite?

Graphite is the low density allotrope of carbon (C). It is a soft, black substance which occurs naturally. The structure of graphite consists of layered hexagonal rings of sp2-hybridised carbon atoms. These layers are held together by weak Van der Waals type forces resulting from the interactions between clouds of delocalised p electrons from each of the layers. Graphite is also known as black lead - and when mixed with clay, forms the "lead" in pencils. In its natural form it is used as a dry lubricant and its electrical conductivity makes it popular as an electrode material.